设计并制备了一种基于树形结构的1×8硅基热光开关，该热光开关由1个2×2和6个1×2马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的基本单元结构组成。该1×8硅基热光开关采用与互补金属氧化物半导体兼容的工艺制造。通过氮化钛加热器来改变波导的温度，利用硅的热光效应实现光开关功能。实验结果表明：在1550 nm工作波长下，该热光开关的平均片上插入损耗约为1.1 dB；所有输出端口的串扰都小于-23.6 dB；开关响应时间小于60 μs。

Intracranial hypertension is a serious threat to the health of neurosurgical patients. At present, there is a lack of a safe and effective technology to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) accurately and nondestructively. In this paper, based on near infrared technology, the continuous nondestructive monitoring of ICP change caused by brain edema was studied. The rat brain edema models were constructed by lipopolysaccharide. The ICP monitor and the self-made near infrared tissue parameter measuring instrument were used to monitor the invasive intracranial pressure and the reduced scattering coe±cient of brain tissue during the brain edema development. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the reduced scattering coe±cient (690nm and 834nm) and ICP, and then the mathematical model was established. The experimental results promoted the development of nondestructive ICP monitoring based on near infrared technology.

Near-infrared (NIR) light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in humans, however, there is still no agreement on whether and how a single parameter, like the flicker frequency of NIR light, affects the brain. An 810 nm NIR LED was used as the stimulator. Fifty subjects participated in this experiment. Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Each group underwent a 30-minute NIR LED radiation with four different frequencies (i.e., 0 Hz, 5 Hz, 10Hz and 20 Hz, respectively) on the forehead. The remaining 10 subjects formed the control group, in which they underwent a 30-minute rest period without light radiation. EEG signals of all subjects during each test were recorded. Gravity frequency (GF), relative energy change, and sample entropy were analyzed. The experimental groups had larger GF values compared to the control group. Higher stimulation frequency would cause larger growth of GF (F = 14.75, P < 0.001). The amplitude of alpha waves relative energy increased, while theta waves decreased remarkably in the experimental groups (p < 0.02), and the extent of increase/decrease was larger at higher stimulation frequency, compared to that of the control. Sample entropy of electrodes in the frontal areas were much larger than those in other brain areas in the experimental groups (p < 0.001). Larger frequency of the NIR LED light would cause more distinct brain activities in the stimulated areas. It indicates that NIR LEDlightmay have a positive effect onmodulating brain activity.These resultsmay help improve the design of photobiomodulation treatments in the future.

为了提高颅骨点云模型的配准精度和收敛速度,提出一种基于曲率图的颅骨点云配准方法。首先对颅骨点云提取以特征点为中心并且包含其相邻点的三维形状块,将所有点投影到二维平面上;将投影点量化到二维支撑区域的相应单元中,并将其加权曲率编码为曲率分布图来构造特征点的区域曲率图描述符;然后基于区域曲率图描述符匹配具有相似局部形状的点来建立匹配点对,采用奇异值分解方法计算颅骨点云间的刚体变换关系,实现颅骨粗配准;最后通过引入动态迭代系数对迭代最近点(ICP)算法进行改进,使用改进的ICP算法实现颅骨的细配准。实验结果表明,所提粗配准方法是一种有效的初始配准方法。与ICP算法相比,改进的ICP算法在配准精度和收敛速度上分别提高了约11%和37%,配准耗时降低了约34%。为了验证所提方法的普适性,还采用兔子点云模型进行验证,结果显示改进的ICP算法的配准效果优于ICP算法。

颅骨配准是颅面复原过程中的重要步骤之一,颅骨配准的精度直接影响着颅面复原结果的好坏。为了提高颅骨点云模型的配准精度和收敛速度,提出一种基于分层优化策略的颅骨点云配准算法,将配准过程分为粗配准和细配准两个过程,分别采用不同的优化策略进行优化。首先基于点的邻域提取几何特征,从而得到由平均曲率、高斯曲率、法向量夹角和主曲率构成的特征向量;进一步通过距离函数计算特征相似性来建立匹配点对,并采用k-means算法剔除误匹配点对;然后使用四元数法计算颅骨点云间的刚体变换关系,实现颅骨粗配准;最后通过引入k-维(k-d)树和加入几何特征约束对迭代最近点(ICP)算法进行改进,使用改进的ICP算法实现颅骨的精确配准。实验结果表明:粗配准过程采用k-means算法剔除误匹配点对的优化策略和细配准过程加入k-d树与几何特征约束的优化策略都是有效的。与ICP算法相比,本文算法的匹配率和配准精度分别提高了约17%和51%,算法耗时减少了约31%。与其他经典配准算法和改进的ICP算法相比,本文算法的配准效率是最优的。为了验证本文算法的普适性,还采用兵马俑碎片数据进行验证,本文算法也取得了较好的效果和最优的性能。因此,本文算法是一种有效的颅骨点云配准方法。